The impact of a perioperative pulmonary care bundle implementation on postoperative outcomes in 1,665 surgical cancer patients: experience from a tertiary referral cancer center in Jordan

Table 1 Risk factors for PPCs by ACS NSQIP

Risk Factors for PPC
Patient-Related Factors
Age > 60 Years
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class II Or Greater
Functional Dependence^a
Congestive Heart Failure
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Current Cigarette Use
Impaired Sensorium^b
Pulmonary Hypertension
High-Complexity Operation (Work-Relative Value Units [Rvu] >17)
Preoperative Sepsis
Serum Albumin <3.5mg/Dl
Hypernatremia (Serum Sodium >145)
Surgery-Related Factors
Prolonged Operation >3 Hours
Surgical Site^c
Emergency Operation
General Anesthesia
Perioperative Transfusion
Residual Neuromuscular Blockade After An Operation

^aPartial or total dependence, where partial dependence is defined as the need for devices, equipment, or assistance from another person for some activities of daily living, and total dependence is defined as the inability to perform any activities of daily living without assistance
^bAcutely confused or delirious patient who is able to respond to verbal or mild tactile stimulation, or mental status changes/delirium in the context of current illness
^cHighest risk procedures: neurosurgical, head and neck, aortic, thoracic, and upper abdominal

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